Dialysis is a medical procedure used to remove waste products and excess fluids from the blood when the kidneys are unable to perform these functions adequately. The kidneys play a crucial role in filtering and removing waste products from the blood, maintaining electrolyte balance, and regulating fluid levels in the body. When the kidneys are compromised due to conditions such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) or acute kidney injury (AKI), dialysis becomes necessary.

There are two main types of dialysis:

1. Hemodialysis: This method involves using a machine called a dialyzer or artificial kidney. Blood is circulated through the dialyzer, which filters out waste products and excess fluids. The cleaned blood is then returned to the body. Hemodialysis is typically performed at a dialysis center, and sessions usually last for several hours, several times a week.

2. Peritoneal Dialysis: This method uses the peritoneum, a membrane lining the abdominal cavity, as a natural filter. A dialysis solution is introduced into the abdominal cavity through a catheter, and waste products and excess fluids pass from the blood vessels in the peritoneum into the dialysis solution. After a dwell time, the used solution is drained out, and fresh solution is introduced. Peritoneal dialysis can be done at home, offering more flexibility in treatment schedules.